Basic principles of hazard analysis
Identify hazard
Assess hazard
Reduce hazard to a tolerable level
Eliminate hazard entirely
Specify technical and organisational measures
Procedure for hazard analysis
Approach of a hazard analysis Determination of machine limits
Application limits
o Operation modes
o Knowledge and competence of operator / different operators
Regional limits
o Area for machine motion
o Required space of operator
o Interface human / machine
Temporary limits
o Lifetime of machine or components
o Service intervals
Other limits
o Temperature, humidity, …
Approach of a hazard analysis Identification of hazards (1/4)
All necessary actions / contacts of persons in every operating mode / every process step, at every hazard area and in every phase of life must be considered.
Phases of life are e.g.:
o Transport, assembly, installation
o Commissioning
o Application
o Shutdown, disassembly, disposal
Approach of a hazard analysis Identification of hazards (2/4)
Operating modes / process steps are e.g.:
o Rigging
o Testing
o Teaching
o Change over
o Start
o Shut down of the machine
o Shut down of the machine in hazardous situation
o Debugging and –elimination
o Cleaning
o Automatic operation
o Off
Approach of a hazard analysis Identification of hazards (3/4)
Types of hazards
Mechanical hazards are e.g.:
Crushing, cropping, cutting or abscission, capturing or winding, feeding or trapping, shock, puncture or penetration, rubbing or abrasion, spurt out of liquids, beating of broken tubes
Other hazards are e.g.:
o electrical hazards
o thermal hazards
o noise, vibration, radiation, hazardous substances, …
Approach of a hazard analysis Identification of hazards (4/4)
Hazard areas
o Feed in
o Processing
o Feed out
o Changeover to other parts of the machine
Approach of a hazard analysis Risk estimation (1/2)
Determination of risk elements
o Measure of damages (slightly, seriously, deadly, number of persons) and
o Probability of damage
- Exposure to hazard (necessity of entry to hazard area, type of entry, duration, number of persons, frequency)
- Occurrence of event (reliability and statistical data, accident history, damage to health, risk comparisons)
- Possibilities to prevent or limit damage (training, duration of hazard until damage occurs, user informations, danger signals, display units, human capabilities)
Approach of a hazard analysis Risk estimation (2/2)
o Aspects which must be considered
o category of persons
o type, frequency and duration of exposure to hazard
o relationship between exposure and effect to hazard
o human factors
o efficiency of safety measures
o possibilities to switch off or bypass safety measures
o capability to maintain safety measures
o user information
Approach of a hazard analysis Reduction of risk
o Priority of risk reducing measures:
o constructional measures
o barriers
- safety measures
o light barriers
- user information
o organisational measures
o trainings
CASE STUDIES
April 2018
Recycling Industry
APS (Automation Products and Systems) provided a system to local [...]
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